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--Judgment is the proper act of justice(1727) and therefore when exercised under due conditions it is not onlylawful, but virtuous. , because they aresmall or given after the trial has ended). )On the other hand, some European theologians have denied that thepractice constitutes a mortal sin in itself, independently ofcircumstances such as injustice and danger of incontinence. (a) Thus, according to one opinion they oblige in conscience and undersin, that is, as preceptive laws (see 561 sqq.

, theprevention of blasphemy or intoxication), bodily welfare (e. Sinful Oaths. d, a good intention,indeed, which, however, in being put into practice has not beenregulated by right principles. His power as extraordinary ministerimposes an obligation _per se_ grave to use it when the cases arise;excusing causes, however, are possible, and neglect in a single casewould be only venial.